Inhaled Nitric Oxide (INO) Therapy

Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator administered through a ventilator or CPAP circuit to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance and improve oxygenation. It is most commonly used in newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and hypoxic respiratory failure.

When iNO Is Used (Typical Neonatal Indications)

iNO is most evidence-supported in term and near-term infants (often ≥35 weeks gestation) who have hypoxemic respiratory failure due to PPHN physiology. In such cases, iNO can improve oxygenation and may reduce the need for ECMO in appropriately selected newborns.